Nobel prize to Briton, Japanese
for stem cell work

Gurdon, Yamanaka win Nobel medicine prize

전문을 번역 할 시간이 없어서 그냥 영문으로 올려 죄송합니다.

여기 간단히 요점만 추려서, 본인의 해석을 부쳐서  올립니다.

종전에는 Stem Cell 연구에서 Embryonic Cell (태반적, 수정후의 최초의 원시적 세포)에서 Stem Cell을 얻어서 이것을 키워서 원하는 조직을 만들려 했는데, 이 연구에 의하면, 이미 성숙된 (완전히 분화된) Cell 들도 적당한 조정으로 Stem Cell 로 돌아가게 할수있다는 실험입니다. 즉 우리 몸에서 (또는 실험동물 몸에서) 어느 조직이던 다시 재 생산시킬수있다는것이지요.

만일 이것을 성공적으로 조절하고 응용할수있다면, 어느 망가진 조직도 다시 새로 생성시킬수있다는 가능성을 보여준다는 것 입니다. 

하여간 언제 정말로 실현될 가망이 있을지는 모르지만 , 좀 미리 뛰어 상상을 하는 감이 있지만 (김치국부터 마시는...), 인간의 제한된 수명을 아주 길게 연장할수있는 가능성이 보이지요.  

흥미있는 분에게, 조금 더 자세한 내용으로 설명합니다

1962년에 영국의 Gurdon은 개구리의 창자 세포로 올챙이를 만들었는데, 이것은 이미 창자로 성숙되어버린 세포이지만 그안의 유전인자 DNA가 전혀 다른 새조직 또는 수정직후의 세포 (원시적 Stem Cell)로 변할수있다는 가능성을 보여 주었는데, 40여년후인 2006년에 일본의 Yamanaka의 연구에 의해서 비교적 간단한 방법으로 성숙된 세포를 원시적 세포 (Stem Cell)로 유인할수있고, 그 다음에 그 유인된 세포로, 우리가 원하는 성숙된 세포로 만들수있다는 가능성을 보여준것입니다.

이 자체가 혁신적인 발견일뿐만이 아니고, 과거에 도덕 윤리적으로 문제가 되었던 살아있는 생명의 시작이 되는 세포를 죽인다는 (즉 생명을 죽인다는) 문제를 이 발견으로 피할수있다는것이지요. 왜냐하면, 이미 성숙된 수많은 세포중의 하나를 쓰기때문에 생명을 죽일 필요가 없게 되는것이지요.

(Comment by ISGS)

By KARL RITTER and LOUISE NORDSTROM | Associated Press – 35 mins ago

STOCKHOLM (AP) — British researcher John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka of Japan won this year's Nobel Prize in medicine on Monday for discovering that mature, specialized cells of the body can be reprogrammed into stem cells — a discovery that scientists hope to turn into new treatments.

Scientists want to harness that reprogramming to create replacement tissues for treating diseases like Parkinson's and for studying the roots of diseases in the laboratory.

The prize committee at Stockholm's Karolinska Institute said the discovery has "revolutionized our understanding of how cells and organisms develop."

Associated Press/Shizuo Kambayashi, File - FILE - In this Jan. 9, 2008 file photo, Shinya Yamanaka, a Kyoto University scientist who invented a new, easy-to-handle technology to create the equivalent of human stem cells from ordinary tissue like skin, speaks at a press conference in Tokyo. Yamanaka and British researcher John Gurdon have won this year's Nobel Prize in medicine or physiology. The prize committee at Stockholm's Karolinska Institute said Monday, Oct. 8, 2012 that the two researchers won the award "for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent." (AP Photo/Shizuo Kambayashi, File)



Associated Press/Matt Dunham - British scientist John Gurdon speaks during a news conference in London, Monday, Oct. 8, 2012. Gurdon and a Japanese scientist, Shinya Yamanaka, won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine on Monday for discovering that ordinary cells of the body can be reprogrammed into stem cells, which then can turn into any kind of tissue — a discovery that may led to new treatments. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham)

Gurdon showed in 1962 that the DNA from specialized cells of frogs, like skin or intestinal cells, could be used to generate new tadpoles. That showed the DNA still had its ability to drive the formation of all cells of the body.
More than 40 years later, in 2006, Yamanaka showed that a surprisingly simple recipe could turn mature cells back into primitive cells, which in turn could be prodded into different kinds of mature cells.
Basically, the primitive cells were the equivalent of embryonic stem cells, which had been embroiled in controversy because to get human embryonic cells, human embryos had to be destroyed. Yamanaka's method provided a way to get such primitive cells without destroying embryos.

"The discoveries of Gurdon and Yamanaka have shown that specialized cells can turn back the developmental clock under certain circumstances," the committee said. "These discoveries have also provided new tools for scientists around the world and led to remarkable progress in many areas of medicine."
Just last week, Japanese scientists reported using Yamanaka's approach to turn skin cells from mice into eggs that produced baby mice.

Gurdon, 79, has served as a professor of cell biology at Cambridge University's Magdalene College and is currently at the Gurdon Institute in Cambridge, which he founded. Yamanaka, born in 1962, worked at the Gladstone Institute in San Francisco and Nara Institute of Science and Technology in Japan.
Goran Hansson, the secretary of the prize committee, said he had reached both winners before the announcement.
"I spoke to both laureates on the phone and they're equally happy and that they look forward to coming to Stockholm."

The medicine award was the first Nobel Prize to be announced this year. The physics award will be announced Tuesday, followed by chemistry on Wednesday, literature on Thursday and the Nobel Peace Prize on Friday.
The economics prize, which was not among the original awards, but was established by the Swedish central bank in 1968, will be announced on Oct. 15. All prizes will be handed out on Dec. 10, the anniversary of prize founder Alfred Nobel's death in 1896.

Last year's medicine award to Canadian-born Ralph Steinman, American Bruce Beutler and French scientist Jules Hoffmann briefly created some confusion when it was announced that Steinman had died a few days earlier. Posthumous prizes are normally not allowed, but the award was left unchanged since the judges were not aware of Steinman's death when they selected him as a winner.
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Malcolm Ritter contributed to this report from New York.

Data from the News and Internet, by ISGS - October 8, 2012